WRITTEN ASSIGNMENT PAPER - 9
Department of English,M. K. Bhavnagar University
Name :- Niyati Vyas
Roll No :- 14
Department :-M. A.English department
Submitted to :- Dr. Prof. Dilip Barad
Semester :- 2
Paper No :- 9 ( Literary Theory and
Criticism and Indian Aesthetic
Assignment Topic :- Explain the theory of propriety or appropriateness – ‘auchitya’
UNIT - 4 Alankar, Vakrokti, Dhvani, riti, auchitya
ANS -
A poem is a collection of words used to describe ideas or emotions in a vivid and imaginative style. The Auchitya can be described as the alphabet used to do that.
Meaning of Auchitya
Auchitya is a Hindi word taken from Sanskrit. It means justification, propriety, decency.
Propriety can be defined in this context as the details or rules of behavior conventionally considered to be correct. Or that which is correct, appropriate, and fitting. The word Auchitya also contains the Hindi word “Uchit” which in English means “appropriate”.
Father of Auchitya theory: Kshemendra
He introduced Auchitya in his book AuchutiyaVicharCharcha. Kshemendra was born in the present day Kashmir. He is one of the best Sanskrit poets of the 11th century. Kshemendra was the pupil of the famous philosopher and poet Abhinavgupta.
Kshemendra – wrote a critical work Auchitya-alamkara or Auchitya-vichara-charcha (discussions or the critical research on proprieties in poetry), and a practical handbook for poets Kavi-katnta-abharana (ornamental necklace for poets) – calls Auchitya the appropriateness or that which makes right sense in the given context as the very life-breath of Rasa – Rasajivi-bhootasya.
He said Auchitya is the very life of Kavya (Kavyasya jivitam) that is endowed with Rasa (Aucityam rasa siddhasya sthiram kavyasya jivitam).
Abhinavagupta avers that the life principle (jivitatvam) of Kavya could said to be the harmony that exists among the three : Rasa, Dhvani and Auchitya – Uchita-sabdena Rasa-vishaya-auchityam bhavatithi darshayan Rasa-Dhvane jivitatvam suchayati. Thus, Auchitya is entwined with Rasa and Dhvani.
He asserts that Auchitya implies , presupposes and stands for ‘suggestion of Rasa’ – Rasa-dhvani – the principles of Rasa and Dhvani.
The most essential element of Rasa , he said, is Auchitya. The test of Auchitya is the harmony between the expressed sounds and the suggested Rasa. And , he described Auchitya as that laudable virtue (Guna) which embalms the poetry with delight (aucityaṃ stutyānāṃ guṇa rāgaś ca andanādi lepānām )
According to Kshemendra, all components of Kavya perform their function ideally only when they are applied appropriately and treated properly. “When one thing befits another or matches perfectly, it is said to be appropriate, Auchitya”:
(Aucityam prahuracarya sadrasham kila; Aucitasya ka vo bhava stadaucityam pracaksate).
The concept of Auchitya could , perhaps, be understood as the sense of proportion between the whole (Angin) and the part (Anga) and harmony on one side; and, appropriateness and adaptation on the other.
It said; be it Alamkara or Guna, it will be beautiful and relishing if it is appropriate (Uchita) from the point of view of Rasa; and, they would be rejected if they are in- appropriate . And, what is normally considered a Dosha (flaw) might well turn into Guna (virtue) when it is appropriate to the Rasa
But, many are hesitant to accept Auchitya as the Atma of the Kavya. They point out that Auchitya by its very nature is something that attempts to bring refinement into to text; but, it is not an independent factor. And, it does not also form the essence of Kavya. Auchitya is also not a recognized School of Poetics.
1. Famous Abridgements by Kshemendra
- Ramayanamanjari
- Bharatamanjari
- Brihatkathamanjari
2. Famous Poetic Works On Auchitya
- Auchitya Vichar Charcha
- Kavikanthabharana
- Suvrittatilaka
Like all the poets Kshemendra also said that
“Auchitya is the soul of the poem.”
Kshemendra
This is the only theory that is accepted by all the poets without any arguments. Thus, it is also called the “Theory of coordination” because it regulates all the constituents of the Natya Shastra.
To use the elements of a poem such that they deliver essence in their appropriate place is called “Auchitya”. For example, to use Rasa, Alankara, Riti, etc.. in an appropriate place is Auchitya. The poem should explain or incorporate a Rasa wherever needed else it loses its beauty.
The usage of different elements of Natyashashtra in apt places also increases the merit and the appeal of the poem.
27 Types of Auchitya By Kshemendra
- Pada (Phrase)
- Vakya( sentence)
- Prabhandhanartha (the meaning of the whole composition)
- Guna(qualities)
- Alankara(poetic figure)
- Rasa ( State of being)
- Kriya(Verb)
- Karaka (case ending)
- Linga(Gender)
- Vachana (Number)
- Visheshana (Qualification)
- Upsarga (Prefix)
- Nipata (Redundancies)
- Kala (Time)
- Desh (country)
- Kula (Family)
- Vrata (custom)
- Tatva (Truth)
- Satva(Inherent self)
- Abhipraya (Motive)
- Swabhava (Nature)
- Sarsangraha (essential property)
- Pratibha (Innate ability)
- Avastha (state)
- Vichara(Thought)
- Nama(Name)
- Aashirwada(Blessings)
Subtle meaning, interpretations of the readers can be manipulated easily with the use of different Auchitya. Thereby delivering more than one message, story, thought to the readers.
Auchitya is a tool of the writer which aids them to wield their poem according to their will and according to the idea they want to deliver effectively and efficiently.
Ksemendra made ‘Auchitya’ the defines Auchitya as the property of an expression being an exact and appropriate analogue of the expressed. The theory of property or appropriateness claims that in all aspect of literary composition. There is the possibility of a perfect, the, most appropriate choice of subject, of ideas, of words, of devices as such, it has affinities with Longinus’s theory of the sublime.
The concept of propriety with reference to custom, subject, characters and sentiment recourse in almost all theorists and is often discussed in association with figures of speech, guan, dosa and rites.Acharya Ksemendra was main founder of this theory and his books ‘AUCHITYAVICHARCHRCHA’ that his acceptable of ‘Poem Atama’s as a Achitya’ and also writes that’s defined of like:
That means poetry should be made by vastu,rasa,dhvani,and all over things were important but only for appreciable Achitya. If the poetry repentance of without almakara, guna, that not for good qualities but very poor things of reproduce.Anandavardhana relates this principle specifically to rasa. It has been used for propriety in delineating bhavas according to character and in the choice of margas.
According to the speaker, content and type of literary composition areas, locations or sites of literary compositions where the concept of Auchitya is pertinent.
Features of Auchitya
- It is the only element that includes Guna, Dosha, Alamkara, Dhavani, Rasa, and Vakrata.
- Includes both types of poem i.e. Bahva and Rupa.
- It is independent of the reader’s interest.
- It is as important for a poem as values are in our life.
Conclusion
Emotions are an integral part of humans. Many times words are not sufficient to describe everything. This is where Auchitya comes into the picture enabling the writers/authors to silently nudge the readers towards the direction they want us to stir in.
Finally, there are all theory properly their condition may be true and right of his way through writing of literature. Indian poetics in such concepts of very valuable tools of evolution of work of art and some other related things. Here most important that we are not evolution to only for in one theory. All of theorist has right and true of his own view and poetry and literature creator got idea that all over theory possible to use of most kind of work.
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