Thinking Activity - Future of postcolonial studies : Globalization and Environmentalism

*Future of postcolonial studies : Globalization and Environmentalism.

                        Introduction

                                   A critical analysis of the history, culture, literature and modes of discourse on the Third World countries in Africa, Asia, the Caribbean Islands and South America, postcolonialism concerns itself with the study of the colonization (which began as early as the Renaissance), the decolonization (which involves winning back and reconstituting the native cultures), and the neocolonising process (an aftermath of postmodernism and late capitalism, when multinational corporations control the world). Focussing on the omnipresent power struggles between cultures and the intersection of cultures which results in multiculturalism and poly-valency of culture, Postcolonialism analyses the metaphysical, ethical and political concerns about cultural identity, gender, nationality, race, ethnicity, subjectivity, language and power.

                                 Both articles are taken from Ania Loomba. These articles are about impact postcolonialism in the 21st century. 

       1.  Globalisation and The future of post colonial studies  

                               Post colonial critic read the American’s Mind.

The one of The book of Michel Hardt is about ‘Empire’ of U.S.A.

                   Michael Hardt

Michael Hardt is an American political philosopher and literary theorist. Hardt is best known for his book Empire, which was co-written with Antonio Negri. It has been praised by Slavoj Žižek as the "Communist Manifesto of the 21st Century"                         

                             The article opens with the incident of 26/11. It is a series of bomb attacks on the twin towers. Then we move on to the discussion on ‘Empire’ by Michael Herdt and Antonio Negri. This ‘Empire’ argues that the contemporary global order has produced a new form of Sovereignty which should be called ‘Empire’ but which is best understood in contrast to European empires. 

                          “ In contrast to imperialism, Empire established no territorial center of power and does not rely on fixed boundaries or barries. It is a decentered and deterritorializing apparatus of rules that progressively incorporates the entire global reals within its open, expanding frontiers, Empire manages through modulating networks of command. The distinct blended in the imperial global rainbow.” 

                     Globalisation 

There is a complex relationship between globalization and postcolonialism. It argues that the contemporary processes of globalization are often described in ahistorical terms, whereas much of recent literature on postcolonialism is reduced largely to apolitical analyses of literary texts, disconnected from issues of current and shifting configurations of power. 

"Globalisation is just another name of submission and domination"

                               The author argues for the need to understand global processes in education historically and suggests that intellectual postcolonial resources of postcolonialism can be most helpful, but only if postcolonialism is viewed as a political intervention.

"Nicanoe Apaza, an unemployed miner said, watching Indian womens carried banners denouncing the Internationsl Monetary Fund and demanding the president's resignation, we have had to live with that here for 500 years and now we want to be our own masters"

                               One of the interesting things connected with it is ‘Market Fundamentalism.’ P. Sainath observes, far from fostering ideological openness, has resulted in its own fundamentalism, which then catalyzes other in reaction: 

                                “ Market Fundamentalism destroys more human lives than any other simply because it cuts across all national, cultural, geographic, religious and other boundaries. It’s as much at home in Moscow as in Mumbai or Minnesota. South Africa- whose advances in the early 1990s thrilled the world- moved swiftly from apartheid to neoliberalism. It sits in early Hindu, Islamic or Christian societies. And its fundamentalisms. Based on the premise that the market is the solution to all the problems of the human race, it is, too, a very religious fundamentalism. It has its own Gospel: The Gospel of St. Growth of St. Choice…” (2001:n.p.)

                                 Empire is a book by post-Marxist philosophers Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri. Written in the mid-1990s, it was published in 2000 and quickly sold beyond its expectations as an academic work.

2. CONCLUSION: THE FUTURE OF POSTCOLONIAL STUDIES. 

                         This article begins with the claim of Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak, “‘no longer have a post-colonial perspective. I think postcolonial is the day before yester-day’ (Spivak 2013: 2).

                                   Now it is time when postcolonial studies are very interested in ecology. Dipesh Chakrabarty finds that all his ‘readings in theories of globalization, Marxist analysis of capital, subaltern studies, and postcolonial criticism over the last twenty-five years’ have not prepared him for the task of analyzing the ‘planetary crisis of climate change’ (2009: 199).

Simon Gikandi gives positive and Negative Aspect of Globalisation.

However, Three things are more significant for Understanding.Privatisation Health care Education Palagummi Sainath is an Indian journalist and author of the book Everybody Loves a Good Drought.

                           (iii)Examples 

                               I would like to give some examples of movies connected with this literary conflict: 

*Sonali cable - conflict between a girl who runs local tv/internet cable service vs giant company 'Shining' which started providing broadband.

*Ghayal Once Again Again - the conflict of younsters who witnessed Murder of RTI activist against multi-business owner Bansal (represents Ambanis).

*Rang De Basanti - A nexus between politician and businessman vs young college boys (one them has to murder his own father who was corrupt businessman before murdering the politician).

*Zee5 Original Web-movie ' Tigers' - based on a Pakistani salesman's conflict with giant MNC Nestle.

*Madaari - The conflict between common man (father whose child died in bridge crash) and nexus between construction company and politicians. 

*Gabbar is back - A conflict between common man and politician named Digvijay Patil. 

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